Osteoporosis is a disease in which bones become weak and are more likely to break (fracture).
Normal bone is made of protein, collagen and calcium all of which gives bone it's strength.
Bones affected by osteoporosis can break (fracture) with relatively minor injury that normally would not cause a bone to break (fracture).
CAUSES
-Sedentary lifestyle
-Age related changes in endocrine functions.
-Overuse of Corticosteroid.
-lack of muscle use .
-Lack of weight bearing exercise s.
-Inadequate calcium and vitamin D intake.
-Bone cancer.
RISK FACTORS
-Genetics
-Lack of exercise
-Lack of calcium and vitamin D
-Personal history of fractures as an adult
-Smoking
-Excessive alcohol consumption
-Rheumatoid arthritis
-Low body weight
-Female gender
-Caucasian or Asian race
- Advanced age
-Long term heparin or corticosteroid use
-Post menopausal women
-Advanced age
-Heavy caffeine consumption .
SIGNS and SYMTOMS
-Back pain caused by a fractured or collapsed vertebra.
-loss of height over time.
-stooped posture.
-A bone fracture that occurs more easily than expected.
-Bisphosphates are the most common medications prescribed for osteoporosis treatment. These includes Alendronate (fosamax), Risedronate (Actonel), Ibandronate(Bonival),Zoledronic acid (Reclast).
-Hormones such as estrogen and hormone like medications such as Raloxifene (Evista) also play a role in osteoporosis treatment.
-Denosumab might be used in people who can't take Bisphosphates such as people with reduced kidney function.
-Teriparatide(Forteo) is typically reserved for men and post menopausal women who have very low bone density, who have has fractures or whose osteoporosis is caused by steroid medication.
PREVENTION
-Increase calcium and vitamin D intake.
-Exercise regularly.
-Avoid smoking
-consume soy products.
-cut out caffeine.
-Take calcium 1000-1500mg daily plus Vitamin D 400iu daily.
-Use magnesium and minerals to aid calcium absorption.
COMPLICATIONS.
-limited mobility .
-Depression .
-Pain.
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